Livestock may be exposed to accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons at or near oil and natural gas exploration and production sites. Under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to evaluate the risk posed to livestock.
API has published 2 documents that describe the development of toxicity values and screening guidelines for evaluating risks to livestock from exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons:
Protecting Livestock: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Livestock Exposure to Crude Oil in Oilfield Operations
This booklet summarizes key information presented API Publication 4733 (see below), illustrating ways livestock may be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons and outlining how to make a screening level determination of whether or not livestock are at risk from the exposure.
Protecting Livestock: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Livestock Exposure to Crude Oil in Oilfield Operations
2.5 MB
Risk-Based Screening Levels for the Protection of Livestock Exposed to Petroleum Hydrocarbons (API Publication 7433)
Publication 7433 documents a framework developed to 1) determine when livestock should be included in a risk evaluation and 2) estimate risks of petroleum hydrocarbon exposure to livestock. A conceptual site model (CSM) was developed to assess whether complete and significant exposure pathways for livestock exist at a site.
To estimate potential risks in this screening-level risk assessment, toxicity reference values (TRVs) and drinking water and soil risk-based screening levels (RBSLs) for petroleum hydrocarbons, including: crude oil; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX); and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were developed for livestock. TRVs and RBSLs were developed for the protection of a variety of livestock including dairy cattle, beef cattle, calves, sheep, goats, camels, and horses.
TRVs for petroleum hydrocarbons were based on available toxicity values from studies conducted on livestock, if available, or on small mammals extrapolated to be protective of livestock evaluated in this report. RBSLs were calculated for the two complete and significant exposure pathways identified in the CSM, drinking water ingestion and incidental soil ingestion. Drinking water and soil RBSLs were calculated based on the TRVs and the selected exposure assumptions for the livestock.
Risk-Based Screening Levels for the Protection of Livestock Exposed to Petroleum Hydrocarbons
980 KB
Order Publication 4733 from IHS publication service
Characterizing Risks to Livestock from Petroleum Hydrocarbon Exposure
Mala Pattanayek and Bridgett DeSheilds, BBL, Inc.
Poster presented at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Annual Meeting, November 2003. Austin, Texas.
332 KB
Characterizing Risks to Livestock from Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Mala Pattanayek and Bridgett DeSheilds, BBL, Inc.
Paper presented at the International Petroleum Environmental Conference (IPEC). November, 2003. Houston Texas.
968 KB