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Liquid petroleum pipelines carry crude oil and refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, etc.) across state and even country borders (interstate & international) as well as within states (intrastate). Pipelines are widely acknowledged to be the safest and most efficient way to move energy products overland for long distances; crude oil and natural gas from production areas to processing plants and refineries, and consumer-ready products to markets.
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Bitumen is a mixture of heavy oil, sand, clay and water. It is separated from the sand and water in a centrifuge prior to dilution for transportation.
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The United States imports 8.4 million barrels of oil and petroleum products a day to help meet its energy needs. Canada is the largest supplier to the U.S., providing more than 2.4 million barrels a day – more than 1/4 – of these imports.
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The Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI) has completed a study of the impact of developing Alberta’s oil sands in a staged manner according to the capacity and in-service date of existing and proposed pipelines.
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Advanced technologies developed over many years are used to produce oil from oil sands.
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Most Americans strongly value Canada’s role as a secure, stable and friendly supplier of oil for U.S. families and businesses, according to a poll by Harris Interactive for API and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP).
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Two different methods are used to produce oil from the oil sands – surface mining and in-situ – or producing in place.
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Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA’s) new report Growth in Canadian Oil Sands: Finding a New Balance was designed as a balanced study (participants include Canadian government, oil companies and NGOs) to address various aspects associated with oil sands development and processing.
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The objective of this report is to provide an independent perspective on the life-cycle GHG emissions of oil sands compared with other crudes; on the evolving discipline of estimating life-cycle GHG emissions, particularly for oil sands; and on the growing trend of using life-cycle GHG analysis in policy.
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